2 10 11 https://www.baroque.dahvc.org/fall-2021/files/original/Pope_Sixtus_V/Fontana_dell_Acqua_Felice/fontana.jpeg e1492c57428562d644bd49cdd1657b25 https://www.baroque.dahvc.org/fall-2021/files/original/Pope_Sixtus_V/Fontana_dell_Acqua_Felice/fontana_image.jpeg 0709076a08f65fb698d8b5374b7de311 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pope Sixtus V Description An account of the resource This collection explores the extent to which Pope Sixtus V (born Felice Peretti Montalto) transformed Rome into a Baroque city. In the middle of the sixteenth century, Rome was still very much an ancient city with poor infrastructure. As the sixteenth century came to a close, Rome has undergone immense transformation, with the rebuilding and construction of churches, palaces, roads, aqueducts, and more. Although he was not the only pope involved in this transformation, Pope Sixtus V stands out as a key figure. Sixtus V was nothing short of a visionary, whose body of work highlights his innovative urban planning as head of the Catholic Church (1585-1590). In order to truly evaluate Sixtus V's impact, this exhibit pays note to context. Late sixteenth-century Rome's most powerful figure was its governing pope. Since each pope came from his own family and had unique interests and backgrounds, the changes made during a particular papacy heavily reflect the desires of that particular pope. Thus, this exhibit examines Sixtus V's predecessors and successors. Popes before him such as Sixtus IV, Julius III, Paul IV, Pius IV, Pius V, and Gregory XIII did not concentrate their efforts on urban design to the extent that Sixtus V did. Although they were focused on important issues such as wars, reformation, enforcing decrees from the Council of Trent, and the education of the clergy, their impact on Rome is not highlighted as much through urban structures and design. Popes after him such as Urban VII (1623-1644) seem to be inspired by Sixtus V, putting more emphasis on art patronage. Sixtus V still impacts Rome today through the lasting impact of his urban planning. This exhibition showcases Sixtus V's design of the city and analyzes his different mediums for reshaping Rome. This exhibit explores Sixtus V's remodeling of the streets, his building of the fountain Fontana Felice, the Lateran Palace, the Dome of Saint Peter's, the Vatican Library, his financing of the Pontine Marshes, and his moving of obelisks into key piazzas and streets. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Pope Sixtus V Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Cameron DeChurch Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Long, Pamela O. Engineering the Eternal City: Infrastructure, Topography, and the Culture of Knowledge in Late Sixteenth-Century Rome. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2018. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Pope Sixtus V Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fontana dell'Acqua Felice Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Planning and construction is generally believed to have been 1585-1588, and Tod A. Marder points to June 15, 1587 as the dedication date. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Cameron DeChurch Description An account of the resource During the papacies of Pope Pius IV (1559-1565) and Gregory XIII (1575-1585) it was clear that the current water supply, which was primarily from Acqua Vergine (Rome's oldest functioning aqueduct), was insufficient to support expanding Rome's growing demands. Pius IV failed to repair Acqua Vergine because the project proved to be significantly more costly and consuming than Pius IV expected [1] Gregory XIII made plans to construct a new aqueduct, but expenses and technical difficulties proved too much [2]. Pope Sixtus V came to power and revived Gregory's plan. The new aqueduct was named Acqua Felice after Sixtus' original name (Felice). The construction enlisted 2,000 men daily and sometimes as many as 4,000 men. Conflict within its leadership and design makes this construction process even more interesting. Initially, Matteo Bartolini da Città di Castello was the primary architect, but when some existing technical assumptions were proven false (some remaining from Gregory XIII's papacy), Matteo's legitimacy for this project was questioned. 1586 was a year of revisions, and Matteo was replaced by Giovanni Fontana, the brother of Domenico Fontana, who was Sixtus V's personal architect. The terminal fountain was ultimately dedicated in the Piazza delle Terme on June 15, 1587. The Acqua Felice provided the first new supply of water to the Romans since gothic invaders destroyed Roman aqueducts [2]. The Fontana Felice, the terminal wall, is constructed like a triumphal arch and depicts papal emblems, alluding to the overcoming of difficulties that was achieved by Sixtus and Imperial Rome as well. Moses is shown in the central part, striking a rock to release water, and this alludes to Sixtus. The attic inscription resembles a message hailing a great conquest. This aqueduct and wall fountain was placed in the Piazza delle Terme, and established the corner that Pius IV had historically made a visually impressive presence. This made the Quirinal more appealing, luring citizens away from the Tiber River, where they previously went for water. In addition, the aqueduct surfaced on land west of the S. Maria degli Angeli line and bordering the Via Pia Landmarks like the Fontana and Acqua Felice contributed to Sixtus V's master plan of transforming Rome into a transparent city full of movement with articulated spatial cues [2]. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Pope Sixtus V was the leader, and the designers were Matteo Bartolini da Città di Castello (who was removed), and Giovanni Fontana. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived [1] Long, Pamela O. Engineering the Eternal City: Infrastructure, Topography, and the Culture of Knowledge in Late Sixteenth-Century Rome. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2018. [2] Marder, Tod A. “Sixtus V and the Quirinal.” Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 37, no. 4 (1978): 283–94. https://doi.org/10.2307/989245. [3] Burroughs, Charles. “Opacity and Transparence: Networks and Enclaves in the Rome of Sixtus V.” Res: Anthropology and aesthetics 41 (2002): 56–71. https://doi.org/10.1086/resv41n1ms20167556. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Pope Sixtus V Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource The aqueduct's reach is 15 miles (24 km). Language A language of the resource The inscription is in Latin. Type The nature or genre of the resource Aqueduct and Structure (Arches with Statues) Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Piazza delle Terme, Rome, Italy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This is a structure that anyone can view