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"Illusionism." Grove Art Online. 2003; Accessed 13 Oct. 2021. https://www.oxfordartonline.com/groveart/view/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.001.0001/oao-9781884446054-e-7000039956.&#13;
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"Illusionism." Grove Art Online. 2003; Accessed 13 Oct. 2021. https://www.oxfordartonline.com/groveart/view/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.001.0001/oao-9781884446054-e-7000039956.&#13;
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Lavergnee, Arnauld Brejon de. "The great illusionists." UNESCO Courier, September 1987, 30+. Gale OneFile: CPI.Q (accessed October 12, 2021). https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A6133957/CPI?u=duke_perkins&amp;sid=summon&amp;xid=e32d1bb3.&#13;
&#13;
Wheeler, Katherine. “Fictive and Real Architecture: A Preliminary Drawing for Andrea Pozzo’s Vault Fresco at Sant’Ignazio, Rome.” Thresholds, no. 28 (2005): 100–153. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43876210.</text>
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&#13;
"Illusionism." Grove Art Online. 2003; Accessed 13 Oct. 2021. https://www.oxfordartonline.com/groveart/view/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.001.0001/oao-9781884446054-e-7000039956.&#13;
&#13;
Lavergnee, Arnauld Brejon de. "The great illusionists." UNESCO Courier, September 1987, 30+. Gale OneFile: CPI.Q (accessed October 12, 2021). https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A6133957/CPI?u=duke_perkins&amp;sid=summon&amp;xid=e32d1bb3.&#13;
&#13;
Wheeler, Katherine. “Fictive and Real Architecture: A Preliminary Drawing for Andrea Pozzo’s Vault Fresco at Sant’Ignazio, Rome.” Thresholds, no. 28 (2005): 100–153. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43876210.</text>
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Please note that if this image is under copyright, you may need to contact one or more copyright owners for any use that is not permitted under the ARTstor Terms and Conditions of Use or not otherwise permitted by law. While ARTstor tries to update contact information, it cannot guarantee that such information is always accurate. Determining whether those permissions are necessary, and obtaining such permissions, is your sole responsibility.</text>
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                <text>&lt;div class="fancybox-padded"&gt;
&lt;div class="fancybox-caption"&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Works Cited&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Forgione, Gianluca. “Giuseppe Recco.” Essay. In &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span&gt;Dizionario Biografico Degli Italiani&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt; 86, 86:690–93. Roma: Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, 2016.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;“Giuseppe Recco - A Cat Stealing Fish.” Metmuseum.org. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Accessed October 13, 2021. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/437376"&gt;&lt;span&gt;https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/437376&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Causa, Raffaello. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span&gt;La Natura Morta a Napoli Nel Sei e Nel Settecento&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;. 5. Vol. 5. Storia Di Napoli. Napoli, Italia: Società editrice storia di Napoli, 1969. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Damian Véronique. “Giovan Battista Recco.” Essay. In &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span&gt;L'œil Gourmand: A Journey through Neapolitan Still Life of the 17th Century: Paris, Galerie Canesso, 26 September - 27 October 2007&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;, 34–35. Paris, France: Galerie Canesso, 2007. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Damian Véronique and Claudia Salvi. “Giuseppe Recco.” Essay. In L'œil Gourmand: A Journey through Neapolitan Still Life of the 17th Century: Paris, Galerie Canesso, 26 September - 27 October 2007, 80-81. Paris, France: Galerie Canesso, 2007&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Damian Véronique and Claudia Salvi. “Giuseppe Recco.” Essay. In L'œil Gourmand: A Journey through Neapolitan Still Life of the 17th Century: Paris, Galerie Canesso, 26 September - 27 October 2007, 80-81. Paris, France: Galerie Canesso, 2007&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Marshall, Christopher. “More Beautiful than Nature Itself: The Early Commercial and Critical Fortunes of Neapolitan Baroque Still-Life Painting.” &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span&gt;Open Arts Journal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt; 2017-18, no. 6 (2018). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.5456/issn.2050-3679/2018w07"&gt;&lt;span&gt;https://doi.org/10.5456/issn.2050-3679/2018w07&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Damian Véronique and Claudia Salvi. “Giuseppe Recco.” Essay. In L'œil Gourmand: A Journey through Neapolitan Still Life of the 17th Century: Paris, Galerie Canesso, 26 September - 27 October 2007, 80-81. Paris, France: Galerie Canesso, 2007&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Marshall, Christopher. “More Beautiful than Nature Itself: The Early Commercial and Critical Fortunes of Neapolitan Baroque Still-Life Painting.” &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span&gt;Open Arts Journal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt; 2017-18, no. 6 (2018). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.5456/issn.2050-3679/2018w07"&gt;&lt;span&gt;https://doi.org/10.5456/issn.2050-3679/2018w07&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Marshall, Christopher. “More Beautiful than Nature Itself: The Early Commercial and Critical Fortunes of Neapolitan Baroque Still-Life Painting.” &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span&gt;Open Arts Journal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt; 2017-18, no. 6 (2018). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.5456/issn.2050-3679/2018w07"&gt;&lt;span&gt;https://doi.org/10.5456/issn.2050-3679/2018w07&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Marshall, Christopher. “More Beautiful than Nature Itself: The Early Commercial and Critical Fortunes of Neapolitan Baroque Still-Life Painting.” &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span&gt;Open Arts Journal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt; 2017-18, no. 6 (2018). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.5456/issn.2050-3679/2018w07"&gt;&lt;span&gt;https://doi.org/10.5456/issn.2050-3679/2018w07&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Marshall, Christopher. “More Beautiful than Nature Itself: The Early Commercial and Critical Fortunes of Neapolitan Baroque Still-Life Painting.” &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span&gt;Open Arts Journal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt; 2017-18, no. 6 (2018). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.5456/issn.2050-3679/2018w07"&gt;&lt;span&gt;https://doi.org/10.5456/issn.2050-3679/2018w07&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Marshall, Christopher. “More Beautiful than Nature Itself: The Early Commercial and Critical Fortunes of Neapolitan Baroque Still-Life Painting.” &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span&gt;Open Arts Journal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt; 2017-18, no. 6 (2018). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.5456/issn.2050-3679/2018w07"&gt;&lt;span&gt;https://doi.org/10.5456/issn.2050-3679/2018w07&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Giordano, Luca, and Giuseppe Recco. “The Riches of the Sea with Neptune, Tritons and Two Nereids.” AGSA. Art Gallery of South Australia, January 1, 1684. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.agsa.sa.gov.au/collection-publications/collection/works/the-riches-of-the-sea-with-neptune-tritons-and-two-nereids/27349/"&gt;&lt;span&gt;https://www.agsa.sa.gov.au/collection-publications/collection/works/the-riches-of-the-sea-with-neptune-tritons-and-two-nereids/27349/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Marshall, Christopher. “More Beautiful than Nature Itself: The Early Commercial and Critical Fortunes of Neapolitan Baroque Still-Life Painting.” &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span&gt;Open Arts Journal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt; 2017-18, no. 6 (2018). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.5456/issn.2050-3679/2018w07"&gt;&lt;span&gt;https://doi.org/10.5456/issn.2050-3679/2018w07&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Marshall, Christopher. “More Beautiful than Nature Itself: The Early Commercial and Critical Fortunes of Neapolitan Baroque Still-Life Painting.” &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span&gt;Open Arts Journal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt; 2017-18, no. 6 (2018). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.5456/issn.2050-3679/2018w07"&gt;&lt;span&gt;https://doi.org/10.5456/issn.2050-3679/2018w07&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Marshall, Christopher. “More Beautiful than Nature Itself: The Early Commercial and Critical Fortunes of Neapolitan Baroque Still-Life Painting.” &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span&gt;Open Arts Journal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt; 2017-18, no. 6 (2018). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.5456/issn.2050-3679/2018w07"&gt;&lt;span&gt;https://doi.org/10.5456/issn.2050-3679/2018w07&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</text>
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&lt;p&gt;Luca Giordano, Italy, 1634 - 1705, Giuseppe Recco, Italy, 1634 - 1695,&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;The riches of the sea with Neptune, tritons and two nereids&lt;/i&gt;, 1684, Naples, oil on canvas, 234.5 x 296.0 cm; Mary Overton Gift Fund 1997, Art Gallery of South Australia, Adelaide.&lt;/p&gt;
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Painting</text>
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                <text>The Artist&#13;
Giuseppe Recco was born into an intergenerational family workshop of still-life painters in 1634 in Naples [1]. Much of what is known about Giuseppe comes from Bernardo De Dominici’s Vite dei pittori, scultori ed architetti napoletani, which was published between 1742 and 1745 [2]. De Dominici knew Giuseppe personally, and he was known to occasionally exaggerate or distort Giuseppe’s achievements. Giuseppe’s father, Giacomo Recco (1603-1654), is considered one of the founders of still-life painting in Naples starting in the 1630s [3]. Within the Recco family workshop, it is likely that Giuseppe would have also worked with his assumed uncle, Giovan Battista Recco [4]. Claudia Salvi argues that Giuseppe’s uncle Giovan Battista likely influenced his paintings of food and dead animals, which are similar in styles to Giovan Battista’s own compositions [5]. It is in the Recco workshop, where Paolo Porpora also trained, where Giuseppe honed his painting skills and developed his painting style that has earned him much renown [6]. Giuseppe’s paintings demonstrate his mastery of a broad range of painting subjects, including flowers, marine fauna, vegetables, fruit, and kitchen items. Giuseppe Recco’s paintings varied in size and price range. Furthermore, Giuseppe’s work exemplifies Neapolitan still-life painting with his use of objects placed against a dark background or dark interior. The contrast between the sharp lighting on the objects and the dark background add to the dramatic and decadent characteristic of Neapolitan still-life paintings. &#13;
&#13;
Giuseppe’s biographer, Bernardo De Dominici, argued that Giuseppe had gained high social prestige amongst aristocrats and bourgeois members of Naples. As stated by De Dominici, Giuseppe’s still-life paintings became highly sought after, as he had powerful patrons including the Marchese de los Vélez, viceroy of Naples from 1675 to 1682, and the Marchese del Carpio, viceroy of Naples from 1683 to 1687 [7]. De Dominici also claimed that Giuseppe had also become knighted and invited to paint for Charles II in Spain in 1695. However, Giuseppe died in 1695 shortly after the challenging journey to Alicante. De Dominici made bold claims of Giuseppe’s reputation, which some scholars dispute due to the lack of documentation to confirm his claims [8].&#13;
&#13;
The riches of the sea with Neptune, tritons and two nereids&#13;
The riches of the sea with Neptune, tritons and two nereids was a collaborative painting between Giuseppe Recco and Luca Giordano [9]. This painting displays the monumental work and massive scale that Giuseppe worked on later in his career. Furthermore, this painting is an example of the instances where Giuseppe would collaborate with history painters. Prior to creating this work, Giuseppe had collaborated on a 185 by 237 centimeter painting with Giordano depicting various fish among a figure of a fisherman [10]. In the late 1660s, Giuseppe became known for larger and more highly valued compositions [11]. This earlier work was commissioned by the Marchese di Noja in 1669, as evidenced by a payment of a total of 100 ducats for the painting [12]. Christopher Marshall argues that the high price of this monumental still life painting with large scale figures demonstrates the higher financial valuation of still life paintings in Naples. Marshall cites Mario dei Fiori, a leading still life painter in seventeenth century Rome, as a comparison for Giuseppe’s work. Documentation shows that Mario dei Fiori was paid 20 scudi for contributions to a painting directly comparable with Giuseppe’s commission by the Marchese di Noja, which Giuseppe was paid five times more for in Neapolitan ducats [13]. This comparison demonstrates the higher regard by which still life paintings were held in Naples. &#13;
&#13;
This high financial valuation of still life work can also be viewed in Giuseppe and Giordano’s The riches of the sea with Neptune, tritons and two nereids. This large scale oil on canvas painting measures 234.5 by 296.0 centimeters. The undated painting is signed with the monogram “l.r.” in the corner corner and initialed “R” in green paint [14]. The painting would have been created before 1684, as it was created for an exhibition of paintings held in Naples on May 25, 1684 [15]. This exhibition of contemporary paintings by Neapolitan artists was coordinated by Giordano to accompany celebrations of the 1684 Festa dei Quattro Altari. With the inclusion of fourteen large scale paintings that combined history painting and still life painting from various Neapolitan artists, the exhibition became massively successful. In fact, this painting served as a sort of advertisement for the bountiful resources of Naples and the painting skills of Giuseppe. Inventories show that this painting was probably a diplomatic gift sent by Marques del Carpio, the Neapolitan viceroy from 1683 to 1687, to the Spanish Royal Court [16]. Within ten years of the painting’s arrival in Madrid, in 1694, Giuseppe was invited to serve as a painter to the Spanish King Charles II [17]. This painting and its historical context demonstrate the positive reception and high economic valuation that Giuseppe’s works garnered both in Naples and internationally. </text>
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                  <text>Cameron DeChurch, Meena Gudapati, Jacob Carnes, Kayla Marr</text>
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                  <text>Introduction: &#13;
Giovanna Garzoni was born in 1600 in Ascoli Piceno of the Marche region of Italy. She is best known for her still life pieces, with which she became famous and renowned. She was one of the pioneers for women into the still life genre, and as such stood out greatly. Many of her still life works allude to sexual reproduction and genitalia, and are considered to have pro-feminist messages. Garzoni’s still life paintings resemble those of artists such as Fede Galizia (1578-1630) and she is thought to have been potentially influenced by Jacopo Ligozzi, but Garzoni’s works stand out for her inclusion of lively animals, insects, and variety in her inclusion of fruit subjects. Garzoni includes a wide variety of fruits, ranging from figs to apples to peaches to citrons. She married her husband, Tiberio Tinelli, but soon after, had their marriage annulled. Travelling across much of Europe, Garzoni gained inspiration from the various sights she witnessed. She settled for a while to be a painter for the Medici family where she was assured her art was to be appreciated. Her drawings were frequently showcased throughout the Medici villas. Garzoni moved around and produced notable works in Italy, Spain, and France. Giovanna eventually died in 1670, but not before establishing herself as an artist and inspiring other female artists to work with still life pieces. </text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;This is an example of what the map for the publicly-facing Giovanni Garzoni proposal would look like. The interactive map could be displayed on a large scale in a museum.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;We propose an online or in-person interactive map exhibit displaying the various geographic locations that inspired Giovanna Garzoni’s artwork. Locations relevant to Garzoni’s work would have a pinpoint indicated on the map, which would provide viewers with a broader understanding of the sources of Garzoni’s inspiration and travels. The map would allow visitors to click on a specific location and see Garzoni’s artworks relating to the area selected. For example, Garzoni painted a portrait miniature of Zaga Christ, an Ethiopian traveller, that Christ is suspected to have commissioned as a gift to the French court [1]. This portrait would be a clickable popup linked to Ethiopia on the map.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Furthermore, this proposal would build on previous scholarship mapping Garzoni’s travels, namely “&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://hcvis.dukedh.org/garzoni/"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;The Global Imagination of Giovanna Garzoni&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;,” which has been developed by Dana Hogan in partnership with the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://dahvc.org/"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Wired! Lab for Digital Art History and Visual Culture&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt; at Duke University. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;The above example is just one of many anecdotes of the global influence on Garzoni’s art. The interactive map would be created using software like MapBox for a more customizable interface that could be imported to any platform. To maximize accessibility, the map would be posted to a mobile-friendly website, and publicized through social media. The map would also be an interactive touchscreen exhibit occupying the space of a digital wall in a museum or educational space. Creating an interactive map accessible through many formats allows viewers to visualize the global influence on Garzoni’s work through an engaging exploration.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>[1] Wpengine. “Giovanna Garzoni's 17th-Century Miniature Portrait of Zaga Christ.” Art Herstory. Art Herstory, September 25, 2021. &lt;a href="https://artherstory.net/giovanna-garzonis-portrait-of-zaga-christ-%E1%B9%A3agga-kr%C7%9Dstos/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://artherstory.net/giovanna-garzonis-portrait-of-zaga-christ-%E1%B9%A3agga-kr%C7%9Dstos/&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Hogan, Dana. “The Travels of Giovanna Garzoni:” The Global Imagination of Giovanna Garzoni. Wired! Lab for Digital Art History and Visual Culture at Duke University. Accessed 2021. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://hcvis.dukedh.org/garzoni/"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;https://hcvis.dukedh.org/garzoni/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Verstegen, Ian. "Federico Barocci, Federico Borromeo, and the Oratorian Orbit *." Renaissance Quarterly 56, no. 1 (2003): 56+. Gale Academic OneFile (accessed October 14, 2021). https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A99012000/AONE?u=duke_perkins&amp;sid=summon&amp;xid=c209cbd4</text>
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                <text>Patron: Francesco Pizzomiglio&#13;
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                <text>(c) 2006, SCALA, Florence / ART RESOURCE, N.Y.</text>
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                <text>This is first of four altarpieces Barocci delivered for the Oratorians to decorate Chiesa Nuova. It adorned the Chapel of the Visitation and the commission was issued in 1582. This work was reported to evoke a significant response of devotion in Saint Neri.</text>
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                <text>Longhi, Martino, the Elder, Italian, c.1534-c.1593, (architect), Rughesi, Fausto, (architect), and Borromini, Francesco, (associated architect). S. Maria in Vallicella (Chiesa Nuova). Images, n.d. https://jstor.org/stable/community.15664661.&#13;
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                <text>For uses of Licensor's Images beyond those permitted by Artstor, please contact: Visual Resources Collection, Princeton University, Dept. of Art and Archaeology, 207 McCormick Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544-1018; Tel No: (609) 258-3776; Email: visres@princeton.edu</text>
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